Five Year Plans of India
1st Plan (1951-56)
1. Highest priority was given to agriculture Including Irrigation and power projects.
2. Based on Harrod-Domar model
3. In 1952 community Development program was started (CDP)
1. Highest priority was given to agriculture Including Irrigation and power projects.
2. Based on Harrod-Domar model
3. In 1952 community Development program was started (CDP)
2nd Plan (1956-61)
1. Based on Mahalanobis Strategy
2. The main objective was rapid Industrialisation
3. Construction of steel plants in public sector at Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela.
Bhilai plant was set up by with USSR collaboration
Durgapur Steel Plant was set up with the British collaboration
Rourkela Steel Plant was set up with German collaboration
1. Based on Mahalanobis Strategy
2. The main objective was rapid Industrialisation
3. Construction of steel plants in public sector at Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela.
Bhilai plant was set up by with USSR collaboration
Durgapur Steel Plant was set up with the British collaboration
Rourkela Steel Plant was set up with German collaboration
3rd Plan (1961-66)
1. Based on John Sandy and S. Chakravarty Model.
2. The main objective was self-reliant & self-sustained Economy, Development of agriculture, self-reliance in food grains and integrated development of agriculture and Industrial sector. (positive growth in Agriculture sector was attained).
1. Based on John Sandy and S. Chakravarty Model.
2. The main objective was self-reliant & self-sustained Economy, Development of agriculture, self-reliance in food grains and integrated development of agriculture and Industrial sector. (positive growth in Agriculture sector was attained).
3. This plan is referred as a FAILED PLAN by many scholars. The cause of Failure was failed Monsoon, drought and Famine.
4. 2 wars with china in 1962 and with Pakistan in 1965 are considered to be other reasons for failure.
Three Annual Plans
1. Though the 4th plan was ready but due to the weak financial situation after the defeat from china. The government came out with 3 Annual plans.
2. Plan Holiday means, ‘the planning on holiday’. The annual plans are referred as plan holiday.(1966-67, 1967-68, 1968-69)
1. Though the 4th plan was ready but due to the weak financial situation after the defeat from china. The government came out with 3 Annual plans.
2. Plan Holiday means, ‘the planning on holiday’. The annual plans are referred as plan holiday.(1966-67, 1967-68, 1968-69)
4th Plan (1969-74)
1. Based on S. Manne and A. Rudra model
2. Based on Gadgil strategy.
3. Main Objective was self-reliance and growth with stability.
4. It was the 1st move in the direction on Nationalisation.
5. 1971 - war with Pakistan.
6. Nationalisation of 14 banks was done in 1969
7. MRTP act was introduced in this plan (MRTP – Monopolies and Restrictive trade Practices Act)
8. FERA was Introduced in 1973 (Foreign Exchange regulating Act)
1. Based on S. Manne and A. Rudra model
2. Based on Gadgil strategy.
3. Main Objective was self-reliance and growth with stability.
4. It was the 1st move in the direction on Nationalisation.
5. 1971 - war with Pakistan.
6. Nationalisation of 14 banks was done in 1969
7. MRTP act was introduced in this plan (MRTP – Monopolies and Restrictive trade Practices Act)
8. FERA was Introduced in 1973 (Foreign Exchange regulating Act)
5th Plan (1974-79)
1. Planning commission model
2. The Main objective was self – reliance and poverty eradication.
3. 20-points programme was introduced in this plan.
4. This policy also focused on import substitution and Export promotion.
5. National programme on Minimum needs in which primary education, drinking water, rural roads, housing etc. were included
6. Food for work programme was started (1977-78)
7. Emergency was introduced in 1975 (National Emergency)
8. This plan was terminated one year before the schedule due to change in government.
1. Planning commission model
2. The Main objective was self – reliance and poverty eradication.
3. 20-points programme was introduced in this plan.
4. This policy also focused on import substitution and Export promotion.
5. National programme on Minimum needs in which primary education, drinking water, rural roads, housing etc. were included
6. Food for work programme was started (1977-78)
7. Emergency was introduced in 1975 (National Emergency)
8. This plan was terminated one year before the schedule due to change in government.
Annual Plan (1979-80) The plan was termed as Rolling plan.
Note Rolling plan – In this plan targets of the previous years are to be Achieved in next year.Rolling plan was first advocated by Gunnar Myrdal
Note Rolling plan – In this plan targets of the previous years are to be Achieved in next year.Rolling plan was first advocated by Gunnar Myrdal
6th Plan (1980-1985)
1. The Model adopted in this plan was tailored by planning commission.
2. The slogan “Garibi Hatao” was Introduced in this plan.
3. NREP – National Rural Employment programme was introduced in 1980.
4. Rural landless employment guarantee programme was launched in 1983,
5. Dairy Development programme TRYSEM (Training rural Youth for self-employment),
6. National seed programme and KVIP were launched in 1983. (KVIP – Khadi and village industrial programme)
1. The Model adopted in this plan was tailored by planning commission.
2. The slogan “Garibi Hatao” was Introduced in this plan.
3. NREP – National Rural Employment programme was introduced in 1980.
4. Rural landless employment guarantee programme was launched in 1983,
5. Dairy Development programme TRYSEM (Training rural Youth for self-employment),
6. National seed programme and KVIP were launched in 1983. (KVIP – Khadi and village industrial programme)
7th Plan (1985-1990)
the Main objective was Modernization, growth, self-reliance and social justice.
Emphasised on Ecological and Environmental production.
JRY – Jawahar Rojgar Yojana was launched in 1989.
This plan focused on the promotion of sunrise industries especially food processing and electronics.
For the 1st time, the share of public sector in total plan output was less than 50%.
the Main objective was Modernization, growth, self-reliance and social justice.
Emphasised on Ecological and Environmental production.
JRY – Jawahar Rojgar Yojana was launched in 1989.
This plan focused on the promotion of sunrise industries especially food processing and electronics.
For the 1st time, the share of public sector in total plan output was less than 50%.
Two Annual plans
New Industrial policy was launched.
Beginning of large-scale liberalisation.
LPG (Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization) was one of the main Agenda.
1991 Economic Reforms
New Industrial policy was launched.
Beginning of large-scale liberalisation.
LPG (Liberalization, Privatisation and Globalization) was one of the main Agenda.
1991 Economic Reforms
Economic Reforms 1991:-
External Trade policy was liberalised
Licensing regime was diluted (License Raj was Abolished)
CRR, SLR were reduced
Rupee was Devaluated
Import Tariff was reduced.
MRTP was abolished(Introduced in 1969)
FERA was changed to FEMA (FERA act 1973)
External Trade policy was liberalised
Licensing regime was diluted (License Raj was Abolished)
CRR, SLR were reduced
Rupee was Devaluated
Import Tariff was reduced.
MRTP was abolished(Introduced in 1969)
FERA was changed to FEMA (FERA act 1973)
8th Plan (1992-97)
Infrastructure development was emphasised.
W. Miller Model was adopted in the plan.
Main objective was human resource development.
This plan focused on controlling population explosion.
Universalisation of primary education was stressed in this plan.
National Income & Industrial growth rate were higher than the targeted rate.
73rd Amendment act was introduced which gave a constitutional status to PRI (Panchayati Raj Institution)
74th Amendment act was introduced which provide the urban local government a constitutional status.
Infrastructure development was emphasised.
W. Miller Model was adopted in the plan.
Main objective was human resource development.
This plan focused on controlling population explosion.
Universalisation of primary education was stressed in this plan.
National Income & Industrial growth rate were higher than the targeted rate.
73rd Amendment act was introduced which gave a constitutional status to PRI (Panchayati Raj Institution)
74th Amendment act was introduced which provide the urban local government a constitutional status.
9th Plan (1997-2002)The main objective was ‘Equitable distribution & growth with equality’.
Other features of this plan were:-
Self-reliance in Technology.
Self-sufficiency in food grains Economy.
Integrated development of all sectors of the Economy.
Other features of this plan were:-
Self-reliance in Technology.
Self-sufficiency in food grains Economy.
Integrated development of all sectors of the Economy.
10th Plan (2002-2007)
The main objective of this plan was Growth with emphasis on human development.
Monitorable targets were Introduced for checking poverty, unemployment, illiteracy,
Gender gap (sex Ratio), population growth, IMR (Infant Mortality Rate), MMR
(Maternal Mortality Rate) and other socio-economic Aspects.
Tenth Plan also shed light on Increasing forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007.
Introduced broad framework to provide potable drinking water to all villages within the plan period.
NHM (2005-06) (National Horticulture Mission)
The main objective of this plan was Growth with emphasis on human development.
Monitorable targets were Introduced for checking poverty, unemployment, illiteracy,
Gender gap (sex Ratio), population growth, IMR (Infant Mortality Rate), MMR
(Maternal Mortality Rate) and other socio-economic Aspects.
Tenth Plan also shed light on Increasing forest and tree cover to 25% by 2007.
Introduced broad framework to provide potable drinking water to all villages within the plan period.
NHM (2005-06) (National Horticulture Mission)
11th Plan (2007-2012)
The main objective was towards future sustainable & inclusive growth.
The central vision of the 11th plan was to build on our strengths to trigger a development process which ensures broad – based improvement in the quality of life of the people, especially the poor, SCs/STs, OBCs, Minorities & Women.
The target of the 11th plan was 9 percent from 7.6 percent recorded during the Tenth Plan.
The main objective was towards future sustainable & inclusive growth.
The central vision of the 11th plan was to build on our strengths to trigger a development process which ensures broad – based improvement in the quality of life of the people, especially the poor, SCs/STs, OBCs, Minorities & Women.
The target of the 11th plan was 9 percent from 7.6 percent recorded during the Tenth Plan.
12th Plan (2012-17)
The Theme of this plan is, “faster, sustainable & more inclusive growth”.
Several Monitorable targets are
(i) Growth rate of 8%
(ii) Reduce TFR (total Fertility Rate) to 2.1 by the end of 12th five-year plan)
(iii) Provide Electricity to all villages.
(iv) Connect all villages with all-weather roads.
(v) Provide access to banking services to 90% Indian households.
(vi) Major subsidies and welfare related beneficiary payment to be shifted to a direct cash transfer (DCT) facility using Aadhar platform with linked bank account.
The Theme of this plan is, “faster, sustainable & more inclusive growth”.
Several Monitorable targets are
(i) Growth rate of 8%
(ii) Reduce TFR (total Fertility Rate) to 2.1 by the end of 12th five-year plan)
(iii) Provide Electricity to all villages.
(iv) Connect all villages with all-weather roads.
(v) Provide access to banking services to 90% Indian households.
(vi) Major subsidies and welfare related beneficiary payment to be shifted to a direct cash transfer (DCT) facility using Aadhar platform with linked bank account.
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