Facts about Earth
• The Earth also called Blue Planet. It is the densest of all planets.
• Earth Circumference: 40,232 Kilometers.
• Earth Area:510 million Square Kilometers
• Average distance from sun: 149 million Kilometers.
• Earth Perihelion: Nearest position of earth to sun. The earth reaches its perihelion on January 3 every year at a
distance of about 147 million-Kilometers.
• Aphelion: Farthest position of earth from sun. The earth reaches its aphelion on July 4, when the earth is at a distance of 152 million Kilometers.
• The shape of the earth is oblate spheroid or oblate ellipsoid (i.e. almost spherical, flattened a little at the poles with a slight bulge at the centre).
Types of Earth Movements:
1. Rotation or daily movement.
2. Revolution or annual movement.
Earth Rotation
• Spins on its imaginary axis from west to east in 23 hrs, 56 min and 40.91 sec.
• Rotational velocity at equator is 1667 Kilometers/h and it decreases towards the poles, where it is zero.Earth’s rotation results in
i. Causation of days and nights;
ii. A difference of one hour between two meridians which are 15° apart;
iii. Change in the direction of wind and ocean currents; Rise and fall of tides everyday.
iv. The longest day in North Hemisphere is June 21, while shortest day is on 22 Dec (Vice-versa in S.Hemisphere).
• Days and nights are almost equal at the equator.
Earth Revolution
• It is earth’s motion in elliptical orbit around the sun. Earth’s average orbital velocity is 29.79 Kilometers/s.
• Takes 365 days, 5 hrs, 48 min and 45.51 sec. It results in one extra day every fourth year.
• Revolution of the earth results in
i. Change of seasons
ii. Variation in the lengths of days and nights at different times of the year
iii. Shifting of wind belts
iv. Determination of latitudes.
Earth Eclipses
Earth Lunar Eclipse
· When earth comes between sun and moon.
· Occurs only on a full moon day. However, it does not occur on every full moon day because the moon is so small and the plane of its orbit is tilted about 5° with respect to the plane of the earth’s orbit. It is for this
reason that eclipses do not occur every month.
· This light is red because the atmosphere scatters the other colors present in sunlight in greater amounts than it does red.
Earth Solar Eclipse
A solar eclipse is a type of eclipse that occurs when theMoon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks ("occults") the Sun. This
can happen only at new moon
• The Earth also called Blue Planet. It is the densest of all planets.
• Earth Circumference: 40,232 Kilometers.
• Earth Area:510 million Square Kilometers
• Average distance from sun: 149 million Kilometers.
• Earth Perihelion: Nearest position of earth to sun. The earth reaches its perihelion on January 3 every year at a
distance of about 147 million-Kilometers.
• Aphelion: Farthest position of earth from sun. The earth reaches its aphelion on July 4, when the earth is at a distance of 152 million Kilometers.
• The shape of the earth is oblate spheroid or oblate ellipsoid (i.e. almost spherical, flattened a little at the poles with a slight bulge at the centre).
Types of Earth Movements:
1. Rotation or daily movement.
2. Revolution or annual movement.
Earth Rotation
• Spins on its imaginary axis from west to east in 23 hrs, 56 min and 40.91 sec.
• Rotational velocity at equator is 1667 Kilometers/h and it decreases towards the poles, where it is zero.Earth’s rotation results in
i. Causation of days and nights;
ii. A difference of one hour between two meridians which are 15° apart;
iii. Change in the direction of wind and ocean currents; Rise and fall of tides everyday.
iv. The longest day in North Hemisphere is June 21, while shortest day is on 22 Dec (Vice-versa in S.Hemisphere).
• Days and nights are almost equal at the equator.
Earth Revolution
• It is earth’s motion in elliptical orbit around the sun. Earth’s average orbital velocity is 29.79 Kilometers/s.
• Takes 365 days, 5 hrs, 48 min and 45.51 sec. It results in one extra day every fourth year.
• Revolution of the earth results in
i. Change of seasons
ii. Variation in the lengths of days and nights at different times of the year
iii. Shifting of wind belts
iv. Determination of latitudes.
Earth Eclipses
Earth Lunar Eclipse
· When earth comes between sun and moon.
· Occurs only on a full moon day. However, it does not occur on every full moon day because the moon is so small and the plane of its orbit is tilted about 5° with respect to the plane of the earth’s orbit. It is for this
reason that eclipses do not occur every month.
· This light is red because the atmosphere scatters the other colors present in sunlight in greater amounts than it does red.
Earth Solar Eclipse
A solar eclipse is a type of eclipse that occurs when theMoon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks ("occults") the Sun. This
can happen only at new moon
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